Which case established judicial review?

The establishment of judicial review was solidified by the case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803. This landmark decision, delivered by Chief Justice John Marshall, articulated the principle that the Supreme Court has the authority to review acts of Congress and determine whether they are constitutional. This ruling affirmed the power of the judiciary to invalidate laws that conflict with the Constitution, thereby ensuring a system of checks and balances among the branches of government. The decision underscored the judiciary's role as a guardian of the Constitution, allowing it to play a crucial part in shaping American law and governance. Other cases, while significant in their own rights for civil rights, liberties, or personal freedoms, did not address the foundational principle of judicial review, which is central to understanding the function and power of the Supreme Court.